My major research interest over twenty years has been the investigation of second language acquisition in tutored environments.  In this area, I have investigated the discourse characteristics and patterns of interaction which facilitate second language acquisition.  I have also carried out research in the areas of curriculum planning, monitoring and evaluation, and second language teacher education.  In my current research, I am investigating the acquisition of written discourse in tertiary contexts.

I have carried out research projects in Australia, the United Kingdom, Southeast Asia, Japan, Brazil, and the Middle East. One of my research projects, a large-scale investigation of the curriculum development practices of language teachers was short-listed for the 1990 TESOL International Distinguished Research Award.

 

1975-1976

The discourse structure of interpersonal encounters

Institute of Languages, University of NSW

An investigation of the discourse structure of colloquial English in interpersonal encounters and the subsequent preparation of teaching materials based on research outcomes.

1977

Language functions in the classroom

Department of Language in Education, University of Exeter.

Analysis of classroom discourse utilising the discourse model developed by Sinclair and Coulthard.  Implications of the research for pedagogy.

1978

Curriculum change in the sixth form

Department of Language in Education, University of Exeter

An ethnographic investigation into the effects of the political reorganisation of the educational system and shifts in ideology on the English sixth form.

1981-1984

Discourse processing by first language, second phase and second language learners

School of Education, Flinders University

A psychometric investigation into the development of discourse processing skills by Year 9 students from first and second language backgrounds.

1983-1984

The developmental language project

South Australian College of Advanced Education and the Australian Adult Migrant Education Program

An ethnographic investigation into the application of principles of first language acquisition to second language development and the subsequent development of teaching materials.

September 1985

A critical review of consultancies and commissioned working papers for the Committee of Review of the Adult Migrant Education Program

1986

The teacher as curriculum developer

Adult Migrant Education Program

An investigation of the curriculum planning, implementation and evaluation practices of 800 teachers of English as a second language working within a school-based curriculum model.

1986

The development of listening skills

South Australian Department of TAFE

A psychometric investigation into the acquisition of functional listening skills by adult learners of English as a second language.

1986-1991

AMEP National Curriculum Research and Development Project (with Jill Burton)

Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs

A descriptive and interpretive study of curriculum processes within the AMEP leading to the development, piloting and evaluation of pedagogical procedures and materials.

1987-1988

Learning strategy preferences of foreign language students in Southeast Asia

National Curriculum Resource Centre; Southeast Asian Ministries of Education organisation

The aims of the project were to:
i. identify those preferences which characterised the effective learner;
ii. determine whether strategy preferences relate to personal or cultural variables.

1987-1994

Investigating the Omani English language school curriculum

Ministry of Education and Youth, Muscat, Oman

An investigation into the teaching of English as a foreign language in the Sultanate of Oman, the development of a contemporary English curriculum and the subsequent production and evaluation of teaching materials.

 1988-1990

Collaborative research in language classrooms (with researchers in a range of sites in Australia, United States, United Kingdom and Japan)

Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs

Investigations of teacher-learner interaction by teachers and researchers working in collaboration.

1988-1991

Language teaching methodology

National Curriculum Resource Centre

A classroom-based investigation of the methodological practices of language teachers working in a range of contexts and environments.

1989-1990

Learning strategy preferences of EFL learners in Japan (with Tomoko Hanoaka)

Temple University, Japan, Japan Association of Language Teachers

An investigation of the learning strategy preferences of secondary school students in Japan.

1989-1991

Communication tasks in the professional workplace (with a research team led by Ken Willing, NCELTR, Macquarie University)

Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs

An ethnographic investigation into the application of principles of first language acquisition to second language development and the subsequent development of teaching materials.

1990-1991

Interactive decision-making (with Professor J. Richards, City Polytechnic of Hong Kong)

Various sites including Australia, the United States and Hong Kong

A large-scale investigation of the interactive decision-making processes of classroom teachers, and the relationship between teachers' beliefs about the nature of language learning and pedagogic practice.

1990

Evaluation of Metropolitan East disadvantaged schools program (with Geoff Brindley, Jennifer Hammond, and John Walsh)

NSW Department of School Education

An investigation and evaluation of the Disadvantaged Schools Project, a theoretically driven professional development program for teaching factual writing funded by the NSW Department of Education.

1991-1992

Language teacher education in Southeast Asia

The Southeast Asian Ministries of Education Organisation and the Australian International Development Assistance Bureau

An investigation of language teacher education practices in the Southeast Asian region.

1991-1992

Training the Trainers: A National Survey

Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs

A survey of the training of language teacher educators within the Australian Adult Migrant English Program funded by the AMEP.

1992

The Assessment of Listening Proficiency (with Geoff Brindley, NCELTR, Macquarie University)

International English Language Testing System

An investigation of the construct of listening proficiency.

1992-1993

The Language Proficiency and Professional Skills of Brazilian Teachers of English as a Foreign Language

Cultura Inglese, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro

A survey of the foreign language proficiency and pedagogical skills of a sample of 500 Brazilian teachers of English as a foreign language.

1990-1993

The discourse of language classrooms in varied cultural contexts (with Professor K. Bailey, Monterey Institute of International Studies)

Monterey Institute of International Studies, California and TESOL Defense Language Institute, California

Descriptive and interpretive accounts of language classrooms in Australia, the United States, Europe, Japan, South America, South Africa and Southeast Asia.

1991-1994

Curriculum renewal at Kanda Institute of Foreign Language Studies, Tokyo, Japan (with Professor C.N. Candlin, Macquarie University)

Kanda Institute of Foreign Languages Foundation

An evaluation of the teaching of English as a foreign language at Kanda Institute of Foreign Language Studies, and the development of a theoretically-motivated model for institutional curriculum renewal.

1993-1995

The spoken discourse of primary school children: a pilot study

Macquarie University

The research focuses specifically on the following:
i) the achievement of cohesion in discourse through the use of anaphoric/exophoric reference;
ii) the achievement of coherence in discourse through the negotiation of meaning including repair strategies, and conversational management;
iii) the development of control over rhetorical relationships in discourse;
iv) the development of control over speech acts in discourse.

1992-1993

Learner-centred curriculum research (with Sylvia Wheeler and Barbara Pedlar)

Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs

An ethnographic investigation into the discourse processes and learning outcomes in negotiated language curricula.

1994-1996

The discourse of academic writing

Hong Kong University and Polytechnic Grants Commission

A investigation into the development of written discourse by undergraduate and postgraduate

1995-1996

Spoken interaction in undergraduate tutorials

Hong Kong Action Learning Project

A study of the interactional patterns of undergraduate students in Law and Medicine.

1995-1997

Learner strategy training and motivation

Kong Kong University Grants Commission

An investigation into the effects of learner strategy training on students' awareness and application of strategies as well as on motivation.

1995-1997

The written discourse of Hong Kong Accountants

Hong Kong Language Fund / Society of Accountants

A study of the written communication 'genres' encountered by junior accountants, and an investigation of the problems encountered by accountants in using these genres.

1996-1997

The learning strategies of undergraduates in China

Kong Kong University Grants Commission

An extension of the study carried out in Hong Kong to the learning of English by undergraduates in China.

1997-1998

Listening comprehension strategies

An investigation of the listening comprehension strategies of undergraduate students.

1997-1999

The language learning experiences of Hong Kong students (with P. Benson)

Research Grants Council

A qualitative investigation into the language learning experiences of first year students at the University of Hong Kong and an assessment of the implications of the investigation for the design of English enhancement programmes.

1997-2000

The Intensive English Language Programme (with J. Lewkowicz)

Hong Kong Education Department

A longitudinal investigation into the effectiveness of the Intensive English Language Programme in increasing the Use of English scores of Form Six students in Chinese medium of instruction schools.